#AFTER EFFECTS DEFINITION MOVIE#

Mitchell DE, Muir DW (1976) Does the tilt aftereffect occur in the oblique meridian? Vision Res 16:609–613 McCollough C (1965) Color adaptation of edge-detectors in the human visual system.

Mather G, Pavan A, Campana G, Casco C (2008) The motion aftereffect reloaded. Mather G (1980) The movement aftereffect and a distribution-shift model for coding the direction of visual movement. Leopold DA, O’Toole AJ, Vetter T, Blanz V (2001) Prototype-referenced shape encoding revealed by high-level aftereffects. Gibson JJ, Radner M (1937) Adaptation, after-effect and contrast in the perception of tilted lines. Front Psychol 4:472Įllis SR (1977) Orientation selectivity of the McCollough effect: analysis by equivalent contrast transformation. Master’s thesis, The University of Edinburghĭickinson JE, Badcock DR (2013) On the hierarchical inheritance of aftereffects in the visual system. Neural Comput 12(7):1721–1740Ĭiroux J (2005) Simulating the McCollough effect in a self-organizing model of the primary visual cortex. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 363–375īednar JA, Miikkulainen R (2000) Tilt aftereffects in a self-organizing model of the primary visual cortex. In: Blakemore C (ed) Vision: coding and efficiency. Master’s thesis, The University of Edinburghīarlow HB (1990) A theory about the functional role and synaptic mechanism of visual after-effects. The motion aftereffect: A modern perspective.Ball C (2005) Motion aftereffects in a self-organizing model of primary visual cortex.

Mather, G., Verstraten, F., & Anstis, S.

British Journal of Psychology Monograph Supplement, 1-117. The after-effect of Adolf Wohlgemuth’s seen motion. On the ancient history of the direction of the motion aftereffect. (1995), Visual motion aftereffect in human cortical area MT revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging, Nature, 375', 139-141. The waterfall illusion in an insect visual system. Medicinische Jahrbücher des kaiserlich-königlichen österreichischen Staates, 6, 79–125. (1820) Beiträge zur näheren Kenntniss des Schwindels aus heautognostischen Daten. Direction-specific adaptation in area MT of the owl monkey, Brain Research, 346, 146-150. Perceptual and neural consequences of rapid motion adaptation. Evidence for a physiological explanation of the waterfall illusion. London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 5, 373–374 An account of a peculiar optical phenomenon seen after having looked at a moving body. According to Wade, Thompson, and Morgan, (2014), the most comprehensive single article on the phenomenon is by Gustav Adolf Wohlgemuth (1911). According to Verstraten (1996), the term waterfall illusion was coined by Thompson (1880). Robert Addams (1834) reported the waterfall illusion after observing it at the Falls of Foyers in Scotland. The first clear specification of the motion aftereffect was by Jan Evangelista Purkyně (1820), who observed it after looking at a cavalry parade. 350 B.C.) reported illusory movement after viewing constant movement, but he did not specify its direction. Neural adaptation of neurons stimulated by downward movement reduces their baseline activity, tilting the balance in favor of upward movement.Īristotle (approx. One theory is that perception of stationary objects-for example, rocks beside a waterfall-is coded as the balance among the baseline responses of neurons coding all possible directions of motion. Neural adaptation also reduces the spontaneous, baseline activity of these same neurons when responding to a stationary stimulus (see, for example, Barlow & Hill, 1963 Srinivasan & Dvorak, 1979 Glasser, Tsui, Pack, & Tadin, 2011). Neurons coding a particular movement reduce their responses with time of exposure to a constantly moving stimulus this is neural adaptation. This form of the motion aftereffect is known as the spiral aftereffect. When one then looks at any stationary pattern, it appears to be moving in the opposite direction. The spiral can exhibit outward or inward motion. This particular motion aftereffect is also known as the waterfall illusion.Īnother example can be seen when one looks at the center of a rotating spiral for several seconds. The illusory upwards movement is the motion aftereffect. The motion aftereffect is believed to be the result of motion adaptation.įor example, if one looks at a waterfall for about a minute and then looks at the stationary rocks at the side of the waterfall, these rocks appear to be moving upwards slightly. The stationary stimulus appears to move in the opposite direction to the original (physically moving) stimulus. The motion aftereffect ( MAE) is a visual illusion experienced after viewing a moving visual stimulus for a time (tens of milliseconds to minutes) with stationary eyes, and then fixating a stationary stimulus.

#AFTER EFFECTS DEFINITION MOVIE#

Optical illusion Example movie which produces distortion illusion after one watches it and looks away.

After effects definition